Cybernetics

Cybernetics is the study of communication and control processes in living organisms and machines. It  analyzes the ability of humans, animals, and some machines to respond to or make adjustments based upon input (feedback) from the environment.

Feedback helps people and machines control their actions by telling them whether they are proceeding in the right direction.  It is an information that tells a system what the results of its actions are.

Definition
The science of the study of feedback systems in humans, animals and machines is known as cybernetics.

Example

• A household thermostat uses feedback when it turns a furnace on or off based on its measurements of temperature.
•  A human being, on the other hand, is such a complex system that the simplest action involves complicated feedback loops. A hand picking up a glass of milk is guided continually by the brain that receives feedback from the eyes and hand. The brain decides in an instant where to grasp the glass and where to raise it in order to avoid collisions and prevent spillage.